磁悬浮框架飞轮磁轴承技术研究与发展现状

对磁悬浮框架飞轮(MSGFW)和高精度磁轴承研究现状及其未来发展进行了详细阐述。根据转子悬浮力类型，将磁悬浮框架飞轮分为磁阻力构型、洛伦兹力构型和混合力构型，并结合三种构型论述了国内外框架飞轮的发展过程。在此基础上，对球面磁阻力磁轴承和洛伦兹力磁轴承进行了详细介绍，并结合磁路图分析其工作原理，比较了同类磁轴承的优劣。展望了磁悬浮框架飞轮与高精度磁轴承的未来发展方向，指出高动态响应检控共位平动球面磁阻力磁轴承，标准磁悬浮动量球和磁悬浮控制敏感球是磁悬浮框架飞轮的研究重点。     

侧链基团和填料对硅橡胶材料耐烧蚀性能的影响

为了研究侧链基团和填料对硅橡胶材料耐烧蚀性能的影响,选用具有苯环和多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)这2种侧链基团的硅橡胶基体,以及Mg(OH)2、蒙脱石、Fe2O3和短切碳纤维(1 mm)这4种填料,利用马弗炉等温烧蚀和动态热失重TG法研究不同侧链基团和填料样品的耐烧蚀机制。结果表明:苯环和POSS基团的引入使得基体初始分解温度分别提高了79 ºC和9 ºC,质量损失率分别降低了19.4%和12.0%。以Mg(OH)2 25 g(每100 g硅橡胶)、蒙脱石4 g和Fe2O3 6 g作为硅橡胶复合材料进行填料时,其质量烧蚀率为0.008 g/s,相比纯橡胶基体降低了86.8%。在以上配方中继续引入5 g碳纤维,使其质量烧蚀率降低至0.004 g/s。残炭层的微观形貌显示,短切碳纤维形成的三维骨架结构是提高硅橡胶材料耐烧蚀性能的关键。     

一类抗冲击载荷的新型橡胶减振器

针对某惯测装置冲击环境恶劣的问题,采用理论分析和有限元模拟相结合的方法,研制了能同时兼顾缓冲和阻尼减振的减振器.试验表明,研制的新型橡胶减振器使惯性测量装置的冲击响应由100 g下降到30.3 g,同时兼有阻尼减振效果.     

基于光谱分析技术的磨损故障监测

采用转盘电极式原子发射光谱分析技术,监测某型燃气轮机传动润滑系统磨损状况的发展变化趋势,及时诊断早期磨损故障.为确保光谱分析技术监测的准确性,着重研究了环境温度波动、标准曲线细化、样品黏度以及磨损颗粒尺寸等主要因素对测量结果的影响,并简要阐述了光谱分析技术的基本原理.经大量研究试验表明:光谱分析技术能够提前预报燃气轮机传动润滑系统可能发生的磨损故障,是油液状态监控的1种有效手段.     

铝合金焊接接头预腐蚀强度特性及预测

为保证航空航天器中贮存腐蚀溶液的焊接结构的耐久性,有必要对焊接接头预腐蚀强度特性进行研究.首先进行2219-T87铝合金焊接接头试样在酸性模拟溶液中的腐蚀试验,获取焊接接头和母材的腐蚀性能数据;根据腐蚀试验数据,结合焊接接头局部力学试验数据,采用有限元方法对焊接接头预腐蚀强度和断裂位置进行预测;通过焊接接头预腐蚀拉伸试验对预测结果进行验证.研究结果表明:焊接接头腐蚀性能最主要的特点是焊缝区、热影响区和母材的腐蚀性能存在显著差异;腐蚀性能是影响焊接接头预腐蚀强度的重要因素,且其影响随着腐蚀时间的增加而逐渐增大,导致长时间腐蚀的试样在拉伸试验中的断裂位置由力学性能薄弱的熔合区转移到腐蚀性能薄弱的母材区;所提出的预测方法具有试验规模小、结果准确且适应性强的优点.     

碳硼复合渗研究及其应用

本文研究了２０钢和４５钢的碳硼复合渗渗层组织及耐磨性能。结果表明：复合渗可得到较强支撑作用的过渡层，从而使渗硼层耐磨性提高。饲料粉碎机锤片采用复合渗工艺处理后试用效果良好。     

Coupling behavior between adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism of aero-hydraulic spool valves

Leakage due to wear is one of the main failure modes of aero-hydraulic spool valves. This paper established a practical coupling wear model for aero-hydraulic spool valves based on dynamic system modelling theory. Firstly, the experiment for wear mechanism verification proved that adhesive wear and abrasive wear did coexist during the working process of spool valves. Sec-ondly coupling behavior of each wear mechanism was characterized by analyzing actual time-variation of model parameters during wear evolution process. Meanwhile, Archard model and three-body abrasive wear model were utilized for adhesive wear and abrasive wear, respectively. Furthermore, their coupling wear model was established by calculating the actual wear volume. Finally, from the result of formal test, all the required parameters for our model were obtained. The relative error between model prediction and data of pre-test was also presented to verify the accuracy of model, which demonstrated that our model was useful for providing accurate prediction of spool valve’s wear life.     

Tear Resistance of Orthogonal Kevlar-PWF-reinforced TPU Film

This work seeks to investigate the notch sensitivity and fracture behaviour of orthogonal Kevlar-plain woven fabric (PWF)-reinforced thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) film applied to high altitude balloon. Four types of specimens are implemented to measure notched strength and fracture toughness by conducting static tension and tear tests on an MTS system respectively. The damage and failure mechanisms are discussed and the results for notched strength and tear resistance are evaluated and compared with each other. From the experiments, it is found that the notch sensitivity of the film increases with the increase in the size of the hole, but the notch sensitivity and the stress concentration of the notch are insignificant and there is a decrease of only about 4%-10% in tensile strength for the notched specimens with different hole sizes in diameter compared with the unnotched specimen. In contrast, the tear resistance containing a central slit with only 1 mm length is about half of tensile strength of the unnotched film, which implies that the tear resistance exists an significant notch sensitivity. The results of this study provide an insight into notch sensitivity and fracture behaviour of the Kevlar-PWF-reinforced TPU film and constitute a fundamental basis for the design of high altitude balloon.     

跨声速风洞斜孔壁非线性流动试验

为分析跨声速风洞斜孔壁近壁区域的流动特性，评估气流偏角-压力系数的非线性关联，在0.6 m跨超声速风洞中开展了基于七孔探针的流动特性测量试验。通过气流偏角和压力系数分布分析了斜孔壁流动的差阻特性，以及马赫数、模型升力对斜孔壁流动的影响，最后基于试验结果发展了计算斜孔壁特性参数的微分法，并与经验方法结果进行对比。结果表明，斜孔壁流动呈现出明显的差阻性和非线性，在负压差范围内，近壁流动仍以出流为主；高亚声速时，空风洞模型区孔壁流动特性趋于实壁；安装模型后，随着升力的增大，升力面对应的孔壁区域流动向入流发展，孔壁流动特性趋于开口边界。     

Morphology and Frictional Characteristics Under Electrical Currents of Al203/Cu Composites Prepared by Internal Oxidation

Two AhO3/Cu composites containing 0.24 wt.% A1203 and 0.60 wt.% A1203 separately are prepared by internal oxidation.Effectsof sliding speed and pressure on the fi-ictional characteristics of the composites and copper against brass are investigated and compared.The changes in morphology of the sliding surface and subsurface are examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS).The results show that the wear resistance of the AI203/Cu composites is superior to that of copperunder the same conditions.Under a given electrical current,the wear rate of AI203/Cu composites decreases as the AleO3-content increases.However,the wear rates of the Al203/Cu composites and copper increase as the sliding speed and pressure increase under drysliding condition.The main wear mechanisms for AleO3/Cu composites are of abrasion and adhesion;for copper,it is adhesion,although wear by oxidation and electrical erosion can also be observed as the speed and pressure rise.